OpenHarmony瘦设备内核移植实战（三）

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一、背景

OpenHarmony系统移植最核心的步骤是内核的移植，内核的稳定是一切子系统稳定的基础，上一篇我们讲述了内核启动原理，以及vendor、board的开发配置，本文将介绍SoC层级的移植适配流程。

二、SoC适配

SoC配置芯片层级编译依赖库，包括CMSIS、HAL（硬件抽象层）等，这里包含操作总线、串口、时钟、寄存等库函数。

1、创建对应的文件目录结构

目录名称按照芯片厂家、芯片型号来创建，比如st公司下的stm32f4xx系列芯片。

配置文件内容如下：

device/soc/st/stm32f4xx/Kconfig.liteos_m.defconfig.seriesif SOC_SERIES_STM32F4xxrsource "Kconfig.liteos_m.defconfig.stm32f4xx"config SOC_SERIESstringdefault "stm32f4xx"endifdevice/soc/st/stm32f4xx/Kconfig.liteos_m.defconfig.stm32f4xxconfig SOCstringdefault "stm32f4xx"depends on SOC_STM32F4xxdevice/soc/st/stm32f4xx/Kconfig.liteos_m.seriesconfig SOC_SERIES_STM32F4xxbool "STMicroelectronics STM32F4xx series"select ARCH_ARMselect SOC_COMPANY_STMICROELECTRONICSselect CPU_CORTEX_M4helpEnable support for STMicroelectronics STM32F4xx seriesdevice/soc/st/stm32f4xx/Kconfig.liteos_m.socchoiceprompt "STMicroelectronics STM32F4xx series SoC"depends on SOC_SERIES_STM32F4xxconfig SOC_STM32F407bool "SoC STM32F407"Endchoicedevice/soc/st/Kconfig.liteos_m.defconfigrsource "*/Kconfig.liteos_m.defconfig.series"device/soc/st/Kconfig.liteos_m.defconfigrsource "*/Kconfig.liteos_m.series"device/soc/st/Kconfig.liteos_m.socconfig SOC_COMPANY_STMICROELECTRONICSboolif SOC_COMPANY_STMICROELECTRONICSconfig SOC_COMPANYdefault "st"rsource "*/Kconfig.liteos_m.soc"endif # SOC_COMPANY_STMICROELECTRONICSdevice/soc/st/BUILD.gnif (ohos_kernel_type == "liteos_m") {import("//kernel/liteos_m/liteos.gni")module_name = get_path_info(rebase_path("."), "name")module_group(module_name) {modules = [ "stm32f4xx" ]}}device/soc/st/stm32f4xx/BUILD.gnif (ohos_kernel_type == "liteos_m") {import("//kernel/liteos_m/liteos.gni")module_name = get_path_info(rebase_path("."), "name")module_group(module_name) {modules = [ "liteos_m", "sdk" ]}}

2、移植HAL库函数等文件

对于STM32F407我们可以使用官方的STM32CubeMX生成对应的标准的hal库函数文件。

（1）选择ACCESS TO MCU SELECTOR。

（2）勾选Arm Cortex-M4 --> STM32F4 -->STM32F407ZGTx。

（3）填写工程名称，选择工程保存路径，选择Makefile作为编译工具，点击GENERATE CODE生成工程代码。

（4）使用vscode打开目录，我们得到如下工程。

回顾一下之前讲过的系统启动的流程：

HAL初始化系统时钟初始化系统初始化系统启动

接下来我们将HAL库函数文件及芯片头文件迁移到OH代码中，文件路径如下：

将Drivers中的CMSIS、STM32F4xx_HAL_Driver复制到/device/soc/st/stm32f4xx/sdk/Drivers中。

3、修改系统编译配置文件

使用OH的gn以及config文件配置系统编译流程以及包依赖关系，涉及到的配置文件如下：

device/board/alientek/explorer/liteos_m/config.gni# Kernel type, e.g. "linux", "liteos_a", "liteos_m".kernel_type = "liteos_m"# Kernel version.kernel_version = "3.0.0"# Board CPU type, e.g. "cortex-a7", "riscv32".board_cpu = "cortex-m4"# Board arch, e.g. "armv7-a", "rv32imac".board_arch = ""# Toolchain name used for system compiling.# E.g. gcc-arm-none-eabi, arm-linux-harmonyeabi-gcc, ohos-clang, riscv32-unknown-elf.# Note: The default toolchain is "ohos-clang". It's not mandatory if you use the default toolchain.board_toolchain = "arm-none-eabi-gcc"use_board_toolchain = true# The toolchain path installed, it's not mandatory if you have added toolchain path to your ~/.bashrc.board_toolchain_path = ""# Compiler prefix.board_toolchain_prefix = "arm-none-eabi-"# Compiler type, "gcc" or "clang".board_toolchain_type = "gcc"#Debug compiler optimization level optionsboard_opt_flags = ["-mcpu=cortex-m4","-mthumb","-mfpu=fpv4-sp-d16","-mfloat-abi=hard",]# Board related common compile flags.board_cflags = ["-Og","-Wall","-f-ffunction-sections","-DSTM32F407xx","-DHAL_UART_MODULE_ENABLED"]board_cflags += board_opt_flagsboard_asmflags = ["-Og","-Wall","-f-ffunction-sections",]board_asmflags += board_opt_flagsboard_cxx_flags = board_cflagsboard_ld_flags = ["-T${ohos_root_path}device/board/alientek/explorer/liteos_m/STM32F407ZGTx_FLASH.ld"]board_ld_flags += board_opt_flags# Board related headfiles search path.board_include_dirs = [ "//utils/native/lite/include" ]# Board adapter dir for OHOS components.board_adapter_dir = ""这里的核心工作就是将原有的Makefile编译文件翻译成OH的config.gni，可以看到有很多的编译参数以及宏变量定义。修改编译依赖文件BUILD.gndevice/board/alientek/explorer/liteos_m/BUILD.gnimport("//kernel/liteos_m/liteos.gni")module_name = get_path_info(rebase_path("."), "name")kernel_module(module_name) {sources = ["startup_stm32f407xx.s","Src/main.c","Src/delay.c","Src/led.c","Src/sys.c","Src/usart.c","Src/stm32f4xx_hal_msp.c","Src/stm32f4xx_it.c","Src/system_stm32f4xx.c",]include_dirs = [ "Inc",]}# "-Wl,-T" + rebase_path("STM32F407ZGTx_FLASH.ld"),config("public") {ldflags = ["-Wl,-u_printf_float"]libs = ["c","m","nosys",]}device/soc/st/stm32f4xx/sdk/BUILD.gnimport("//kernel/liteos_m/liteos.gni")module_name = "stm32f4xx_sdk"kernel_module(module_name) {asmflags = board_asmflagssources = ["Drivers/STM32F4xx_HAL_Driver/Src/stm32f4xx_hal_rcc.c","Drivers/STM32F4xx_HAL_Driver/Src/stm32f4xx_hal_rcc_ex.c","Drivers/STM32F4xx_HAL_Driver/Src/stm32f4xx_hal_gpio.c","Drivers/STM32F4xx_HAL_Driver/Src/stm32f4xx_hal_dma_ex.c","Drivers/STM32F4xx_HAL_Driver/Src/stm32f4xx_hal_dma.c","Drivers/STM32F4xx_HAL_Driver/Src/stm32f4xx_hal_cortex.c","Drivers/STM32F4xx_HAL_Driver/Src/stm32f4xx_hal.c","Drivers/STM32F4xx_HAL_Driver/Src/stm32f4xx_hal_exti.c","Drivers/STM32F4xx_HAL_Driver/Src/stm32f4xx_hal_uart.c",]include_dirs = ["//device/board/alientek/explorer/liteos_m/Inc"]}#指定全局头文件搜索路径config("public") {include_dirs = ["Drivers/STM32F4xx_HAL_Driver/Inc","Drivers/CMSIS/Device/ST/STM32F4xx/Include",]}

4、改造main函数，拉起系统内核

我们对device/board/alientek/explorer/liteos_m/Src/main.c文件进行如下编辑。

int main(void){HAL_Init(); sys_stm32_clock_init(336, 8, 2, 7); delay_init(168);printf("hal、系统始终初始化完毕，开始启动系统...\n");RunTask();}void RunTask(){unsigned int ret;ret = LOS_KernelInit();// 初始化LiteOS系统if (ret != LOS_OK){printf("Liteos kernel init failed! ERROR: 0x%x\n", ret);}else{LOS_Start(); // 启动系统}...}

三、编译与烧录

使用hb工具进行编译，hb set选择编译目标，hb build -f执行编译。

日志输出explorer build success表示编译成功。

编译过程中可能会遇到缺少某些结构体或者函数的定义，需要细心排查，注意宏定义是否打开。

STM32F407开发板支持串口和ST-LINK烧录方式，但OH编译出来的是bin文件，bin无法直接通过串口烧录。需要用到ST-LINK工具进行烧录，烧录时需要指定flash，开始地址：0x08000000，大小：0x100000。

开始烧录

点亮开发板

四、总结

本文主要讲述了OpenHarmony内核的SoC代码移植。因为STM32F407的架构和基础SDK都是官方开源的，所以移植工作也较为容易，但在实际工作中如果遇到未开源的芯片，那么需要模组或芯片厂商提供技术支持才可完成移植工作。到这里瘦设备OH适配的最核心工作已完成，希望能对热爱OpenHarmony的小伙伴有所帮助。

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